That extend to the Connecten of a DX-Clusters, a Conversrunde or a Mailbox with an ASCII-terminal at present, transfer-speeds would use mostly from. However for many possible new applications, entries are too slow also 9600 bauds about the factor 10.
Exemplary for such applications is Mailboxens here with HTML-Oberfläche, digitale language-transfer or also real-time picture-transfer with ISDN-Qualität named. The construction of Linkstrecken, that suffices these requests, already strides ahead. What is fully missing until now still, is efficient user-accesses.
The S/E - Umschaltzeit should be small 1ms in order to give not away the advantages of the high transfer-speed through long TX-Delay times again.
If comparable hinterlands should be reached entries with 9600 bauds, the S/N must be because of the bigger spread because of the receiver about approximately 10dB higher. This can be reached by increase of the Sendeleistung about 10dB or through the application of scanners. (Because of the higher throughput has an effect echoes through Mehrwegeempfang more strongly and the application of scanners will be therefore anyway mostly necessary. The Digipeaters becomes draw near geographically because of the Duplexbetriebes on only one canal lies. Is desirable an as low as possible performance and the application of scanners also from this reason with the User). Since no experiences are still available here, the first attempts will take place with approximately 20W Ausgangsleistungs. Another final stage with 1 to 2W Sendeleistungs is planned.
The Transceiver should suffice therefore following requests:
Spread | 200kHz |
Modulation-type | FSK |
Baud rate | 76k8 to 115k2 |
Modulation-spread | 100Hz - 120kHz |
S/E-Umschaltzeit | <1ms |
Canals | 1, umschaltbar for Digi or User, |
HF-Ausgangsleistung | 20W, (perhaps reducible on 1-2W) |
Business-tension | 12V |
Another possibility to generate a FSK signal is the modulation of a VCO, that is stabilized with a slow PLL. On this occasion, however only frequencies can become aufmodulierts, that lie over the frequency of the sharpen-filter of the PLL. Deeper frequencies simply become ausgeregelts from the PLL. On the other hand, the frequency of the sharpen-filter must for small S/E - Umschaltzeiten as high as possible is chosen. A S/E - Umschaltzeit of small 1ms and simultaneously a Modulierbarkeit until under 100Hz is not attainable with a PLL. As solution, two separate PLLses offer themselves for RX and TX. Since these PLLses must not be switched between program and reception, the TX-PLL can slowly and lays out under 100Hz modulierbars with it also with frequencies.
Slow PLLses can only temperature - and alterungsbedingte Langzeitdriftens even out. This necessitates oscillators with a high short-time-stability, because all repercussions on the oscillators, that itself from the S/E - switch yields, no frequency-alterations may evoke. Therefore several buffer-grading must insert between oscillator and first switched step and the care-tensions of the single steps become entkoppelts as well as possible. This is with justifiable expenditure only through division in 3 modules, RX, TX and PA to reach. On this occasion only the final stage is switched.
We have tried to reach a high reproduction-security through application of modern modules with good technical data. Important goal was a very good Groásignalfestigkeit and selectivity on this occasion in order to receive no reception-problems also at a good outside-antenna. Especially, C-Netz car-telephone and Intermodulationen through strong Digipeater - or relay-editions can do to manage heavily here.
Since preferably on expensive special-quartzes should be abstained, a PLL is used for the first reception-oscillator. Is specifically necessary one to sharpening quartz in order to mix from the first on the second ZF still unfortunately. After some problems with the procurement suitable filter, that would have enabled the application of a standard-quartz here, was accepted this as the smaller šbel.
At the VCO angekoppelt, a buffer-step is BF960, a Dual-Gate Mosfet, with one. This became chosen because of the very low repercussions of exit on the entrance (S12 from now could conclude one, another transistor-step would become for the reinforcement on 10dBm - the demanded performance of the Steuersender - is enough. < -20 dB) und sorgt damit für eine gute Entkopplung zum Oszillator. Am Ausgang des BF960 steht eine Leistung von 3dBm zur Verfügung.
She/it would also become, if the demand still was not after the frequency-stability of the oscillator with load-alteration at the exit of the Steuersender. From this reason, two more buffer-grading still follow with ever one BFR90. Each step has a reinforcement of 11dB. In order to reach an Ausgangsleistung of 10dBm and another Entkopplung, two 7dB pads are still connected in series the intensifier-grading. These provide the intensifier-grading a good adaptation completely additionally as well.
In order to reach a good Entkopplung of the tension-care for the single steps, 3 tension-regulators find application. A 78L05 for the PLL and the processor and per a 78L09 for oscillator and first buffers and for the two BFR90.
With relaxed PLL, a frequency-alteration of clearly under 1kHz is measurable between open exit of the Steuersender and his conclusion with 50Ohm.
From reasons of the šbersteuerungsfestigkeit, we wanted to put in a Fernsehtuner-IC for mixers and oscillator. That in [1] would use TDA5030 is manufactured no longer of Philips meanwhile. First election would have been the TDA5630. Unfortunately, this IC is not beschaffbar at this time, so that is used a TDA5331T. This has a mixer-entrance with a Impedanz close to 50Ohm and a low-ohm-y SAW-Filter driver. Both fits into the receiver-concept well.
A bigger problem tossed up the procurement of a suitable filter for the first ZF with approximately 200kHz spread. We have a SAW-Filter with 41.7MHz in the middle-frequencies after longer search and a spread of 300kHz, that is to be received under 42 weeks also in numbers of pieces of small 1500 and with delivery-times, found. A Meßprotokoll is in the appendix. Unfortunately, this is filter relatively expensive. We consider his/its use necessary however, since the User-Empfangsfrequenz lies only barely 300kHz above the relay-editions.
As frequency for the second ZF doesn't come because of the required big spread 455kHz in consideration. With 10.7MHz, ceramics-filters stand for radio-receiver by the disposal, that a matching spread has and is sufficient their group-term for data-application. As IC for the second ZF, one uses the SA626 of Philips. It is intended for the direct connection of ceramics-filtering with 330Ohm Impedanzes and is contained as well as oscillator, mixers also as Begrenzerverstärker, FM-Demodulator and an extremely fast RSSI (Received signal strength indicator - an exit for a logarithmic field-strength-ad) -Ausgang. This is used with a Komparator with adjustable threshold also as DCD together.
Like also in the sender is looked after the single modules with own tension-regulators in order to avoid Verkopplungen.
Through the application of most modern modules, the receiver is almost abgleichfrei. Some modules had to unfortunately be put into SMD-Technologie therefore, what the HF-Eigenschaften improves however and contributes consequently to the reproduction-security.
All modules should preferably with doubly shielded Koaxkabel with each other, in order to avoid šbersprechen, is connected. RG223 or RG214 offer themselves here.
Copyright © 1997
This page was created by DL2ZBN
, Friday, 09. May 1997
Most recent revision Friday, 09. May 1997